Zika vaccines are developed for immunization &
prevention against diseases caused by Zika virus. This virus belongs
to genus Flavivirus and is transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. The virus
can also be transmitted through blood transfusion, sexual contact or
from infected pregnant women to the fetus. Diagnosis of this
infection is confirmed by detecting viral DNA through PCR. However,
only 1 in 4 people with zika infection are prone to develop symptoms.
In November 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that
zika infection no longer constitutes a Public Health Emergency of
International Concern (PHEIC) as major cases of zika virus were
asymptomatic.
In April 2015, a major ongoing outbreak of Zika
virus was registered in Brazil, which later affected the population
in South and Central America. This outbreak caused mild illness
(fever, rashes, joint pains, conjunctivitis, nausea, and muscle
pain), though the recent outbreaks showed severe complications such
as microcephaly, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and various congenital
neurological abnormalities in infants who were born to infected
mothers. The link between zika virus and microcephaly and
Guillain-Barré syndrome was identified and reported in 2015 in
Brazil.
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According to the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC), 70 new zika virus infection cases were reported in
the U.S. in 2015, which increased to 41,181 cases in 2016. Lack of
reporting is a major factor for lower incidence rate in 2015.
Increase in awareness can result in more diagnosis and reporting thus
generating growth of the global zika vaccines market.
Researchers at the Queensland University of
Technology found that the extract of San Francisco plant (Codiaeum
variegatum) found in Australia, can kill the zika virus. This extract
can arrest the virus and stop it from replicating without causing any
damage to the host cells.
Zika Vaccines Market Taxonomy:
There are different types of vaccines that provide
protection against Zika virus:
-
DNA-based vaccines
-
Inactivated vaccines
-
Live-attenuated vaccines
-
mRNA vaccines
-
Genetically engineered vaccines
Global market by application:
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Therapeutic Vaccines
-
Preventive Vaccines
Global market by end user:
-
Hospitals
-
Clinics
Continuous increase in human clinical
trials and rise in number of zika cases will drive the growth of Zika
vaccines market
As of March 2016, 67 companies and research
institutions were working on various kinds of R&D projects and
clinical trials aided to develop effective vaccines against zika
virus. The FDA approved the first human clinical trial for GLS–5700
in June 2016, a zika vaccine being developed by Inovio
Pharmaceuticals. Further in 2017, a grant was approved for phase 2
clinical trials for a DNA vaccine conducted by NIAID’s Vaccine
Research Center (VRC).
Increasing awareness among the population would
aid in controlling the incidence rate of zika infection. The WHO
implemented a global framework for creating public awareness through
its Zika Strategic Response Framework and Joint Plan in February
2016. This plan outlines all the points to be taken care of at the
time of infections. In June 2016, WHO Regional Office for Europe
developed a training curriculum to increase awareness by the
publication of Zika Risk Assessment for European Region.
High investment costs required for R&D and the
development of effective zika virus vaccines serves as a restraining
factor for the global zika vaccines market.
While major of the Zika virus cases occur in
tropical regions such as Brazil, Paraguay, Venezuela, Colombia and
Suriname, there are higher chances of mosquito infections in tropical
areas of the U.S. like Texas and Florida. According to Pan American
Health Organization, around 1,246 suspected and confirmed cases were
reported between epidemiological week (EW) 10 and EW 14 of 2016 in
the sub region which involves Brazil, Argentina, Peru and Ecuador.
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Competitive Landscape
Some key players operating in the zika vaccines
market are Cerus Corporation, Biken Inc, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Bharat
Biotech International Pvt. Ltd, GeneOne Life Science, Inovio
Pharmaceuticals, Immunovaccine Inc., NewLink Genetics Corp. and
Sanofi S.A. The companies launched various R&D measures and
clinical trials to attain immunogenicity against zika virus. In
February 2016, Sanofi S.A launched a vaccine research and development
project, with the introduction of Dengvaxia (Dengue vaccine) that
will aid the company understand the Zika virus and develop an
effective vaccine against it. Likewise, Inovio Pharmaceuticals
initiated a clinical study of zika vaccine (GLS-5700) in Puerto Rico
in August 2016. This trial may provide a potential push to Inovio’s
vaccine if positive results are reported as there was a rapid
progression of zika outbreak in Puerto Rico at that time. This could
benefit the trial in assessing true efficacy and safety of the
vaccine. Rapid progression in clinical trials and approval would
augment the zika vaccines market growth.
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